B.A. (Double English Literature major), University of Sydney, 1979.

Dip.Ed. (Teaching Methods: English, ESL), University of Sydney, 1980.

Dip Communications, University of Technology, Sydney, 1986.

M.A. (Applied Linguistics TESOL), University of Sydney, 1987.

Ph.D. (Poetry and Poetics), University of Western Sydney, 1998.

Ed.D. (Critical Pedagogy for Creative Writing), University of Western Sydney, 2009.

Honorary Doctorate, University of Malmö, Sweden, 2017.